Scotland's healthcare system operates under the NHS (National Health Service). This is a socialized, government sponsored, residence-based healthcare system.

Healthcare for American Visitors

Hospital treatment is free to 'ordinary residents' of the UK, but if you are just visiting - to stay with family, on business, or as a tourist - then you are likely to be charged by an NHS hospital for any treatment you receive. Not paying this charge may have an effect on your future travels to the UK as you risk being turned away at the border.

Some services or treatments carried out in an NHS hospital are exempt from charges, so that they are free to all overseas visitors. UK hospitals will treat you for most infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) free of charge, to limit the spread of those diseases. If you are taken to A&E (accident and emergency department), a minor injuries unit or a walk-in center for emergency treatment, this is free of charge. For any other kind of emergency treatment, you may be paying a large chunk of cash.

Compulsory psychiatric treatment, treatment imposed by a court order and family planning services are also free of charge.

Healthcare for long-term American residents (Expats or Students)

If you are planning to live, study or work in Scotland, you'll have to register with a general practitioner (GP). GPs are the first point of contact for nearly all NHS patients. They refer you to other NHS services, and specialize in family medicine, preventative care, health education and treating people with multiple and long-term conditions. Any treatment you receive from your GP will be free of charge (including medical prescriptions and birth control pills).

If a GP decides to refer you to a hospital or any other specialized treatment, services received there (including surgeries) will also be free of charge. Routine dental care is also free, but you'll need to register with a local Dental Practice that accepts NHS patients.